Viewpoints: Diet and Dietary Adaptations in Early Hominins: The Hard Food Perspective
Document Type
Article
Publication Title
American Journal of Physical Anthropology
Abstract
Recent biomechanical analyses examining the feeding adaptations of early hominins have yielded results consistent with the hypothesis that hard foods exerted a selection pressure that influenced the evolution of australopith morphology. However, this hypothesis appears inconsistent with recent reconstructions of early hominin diet based on dental microwear and stable isotopes. Thus, it is likely that either the diets of some australopiths included a high proportion of foods these taxa were poorly adapted to consume (i.e., foods that they would not have processed efficiently), or that aspects of what we thought we knew about the functional morphology of teeth must be wrong. Evaluation of these possibilities requires a recognition that analyses based on microwear, isotopes, finite element modeling, and enamel chips and cracks each test different types of hypotheses and allow different types of inferences. Microwear and isotopic analyses are best suited to reconstructing broad dietary patterns, but are limited in their ability to falsify specific hypotheses about morphological adaptation. Conversely, finite element analysis is a tool for evaluating the mechanical basis of form-function relationships, but says little about the frequency with which specific behaviors were performed or the particular types of food that were consumed. Enamel chip and crack analyses are means of both reconstructing diet and examining biomechanics. We suggest that current evidence is consistent with the hypothesis that certain derived australopith traits are adaptations for consuming hard foods, but that australopiths had generalized diets that could include high proportions of foods that were both compliant and tough.
DOI
10.1002/ajpa.22285
Publication Date
7-2013
Keywords
Australopithecus, biomechanics, carbon isotope, microwear, Paranthropus
ISSN
1096-8644
Recommended Citation
Strait DS, Constantino P, Lucas PW, Richmond BG, Spencer MA, Dechow PC, Ross CF, Grosse IR, Wright B, Wood BA, Weber GW, Wang Q, Byron C, Slice DE, Chalk J, Smith AL, Smith LC, Wood S, Berthaume MA, Benazzi S, Dzialo C, Tamvada K, Ledogar JA. Viewpoints: Diet and Dietary Adaptations in Early Hominins: The Hard Food Perspective. American Journal of Physical Anthropology. 2013; 151(3). doi: 10.1002/ajpa.22285.
